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Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical calculations.
Science and theory
Hardware
See information processor for a high-level block diagram.
Instruction-level taxonomies
After the commoditization of memory, attention turned to optimizing CPU performance at the instruction level. Various methods of speeding up the fetch-execute cycle include:
Business computing
Human factors
Numeric data
Character data
Other data topics
Classes of computers
Companies - current
Companies - historic
- Acorn, bought by Olivetti
- Bendix Corporation
- Burroughs, merged with UNIVAC to become Unisys
- Compaq, bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Control Data
- Cray
- Data General
- DEC, bought by Compaq, in turn bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Digital Research - a software company for the early microprocessor-based computers
- English Electric
- Ferranti
- General Electric, computer division bought by Honeywell, then Bull
- Honeywell, computer division bought by Bull and
- ICL
- Leo
- Lisp Machines, Inc.
- Marconi
- Nixdorf, bought by Siemens
- Olivetti
- Osborne
- Packard Bell
- Raytheon
- Royal McBee
- RCA
- Scientific Data Systems, sold to Xerox
- Siemens
- Sinclair Research
- Symbolics
- UNIVAC, merged with Burroughs to become Unisys
- Varian
- Wang
Professional organizations
Standards organizations and consortia
(see also standardization)
Miscellaneous
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