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A website, Web site or WWW site (often shortened to just site) is a collection of web pages, that is, HTML/XHTML documents accessible generally via HTTP on the Internet; all publicly accessible websites in existence comprise the World Wide Web. The pages of a website will be accessed from a common root URL, the homepage, and usually reside on the same physical server. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although the hyperlinks between them control how the reader perceives the overall structure and how the traffic flows between the different parts of the site.
Some (parts of) websites require a subscription, with a fee to be paid periodically (e.g., every month), or just a free registration. Examples include many Internet pornography sites, parts of many news sites, gaming sites, message boards, web-based e-mail services and sites providing real-time stock market data.
Overview
A website will often be the work of an individual, a business or organization, or dedicated to a particular topic or purpose. This is quite a blurry definition, given the hypertext nature of the web: the whole of Wikipedia forms a website, but whether the Meta-Wikipedia pages are part of the same website or a sister website is open to debate.
Web sites are written in, or dynamically converted to HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) and are accessed using a software package called a web browser and can be viewed on computers or various portable devices (PDAs, cell phones, etc.) that have internet capable functionality and an available internet connection. Websites consist of static HTML pages or pages that are created dynamically using technologies such as Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP) and/or a host of other dynamic web-scripting languages. Static content may also be generated from dynamic code that is updated at specified periods of time or if certain conditions for regeneration occur (cached) to save from the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis. A website also requires software known as an HTTP Server, two very common examples include Apache, the most commonly used web server software used on the Internet (according to Netcraft statistics), and Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS). Often websites may include content that is pulled from one or more databases or using XML-based technologies such as RSS.
Plugins are also available for browsers which allow them to show active content, such as Flash, Shockwave or applets written in Java. Dynamic HTML also provides for user interactivity and realtime element updating within web pages (i.e., pages don't have to be loaded or reloaded to effect any changes), mainly using the DOM and JavaScript, support for which is built-in for most modern browsers.
Types of websites
There are numerous types of websites, each specializing in a particular service or use. A few types of websites include:
- Archive site: used to preserve valuable electronic content threatened with extinction. Two examples are: Internet Archive which since 1996 preserves billions of old (and new) web pages, and Google Groups which in early 2005 was archiving over 845,000,000 messages posted to Usenet news/discussion groups.
- Business site: used for promoting a business or service.
- Commerce site or eCommerce sites: for purchasing goods, such as Amazon.com.
- Community site: a site where persons with similar interests communicate with each other, usually by chat or message boards.
- Database: a site whose main use is the search and display of a specific database's content such as the Internet Movie Database or the Political graveyard.
- Development site: a site whose purpose is to provide information and resources related to software development, web design and the like.
- Directory site: a site that contains varied contents which are divided into categories and subcategories, such as Yahoo! directory, Google directory and Open Directory Project.
- Download site: strictly used for downloading electronic content, such as software, game demos or computer wallpaper.
- Game site: a site that is itself a game or "playground" where many people come to play, such as Zone.com, Pogo.com and the MMORPGs Planetarion and Kings of Chaos.
- Information site: contains content that is intended merely to inform visitors, but not necessarily for commercial purposes; such as: RateMyProfessors.com, Free Internet Lexicon and Encyclopedia.
- News site: similar to an information site, but dedicated to dispensing news and commentary.
- Porn site: a site that shows pornographic images and videos.
- Search engine: a site that provides general information and is intended as a gateway or lookup for other sites. A pure example is Google, and the most widely known extended type is Yahoo!.
- Shock site: includes images or other material that is intended to be offensive to most viewers.
- Vanity site (or "personal site"): run by an individual or a small group (such as a family) that contains information or any content that the individual wishes to include.
- Weblog (or blog): site used to log online readings or to post online diaries; may include discussion forums.
- Wiki site: a site which users collaboratively edit (such as Wikipedia).
Many websites are a mixture of types. For example, a business web site may promote the business's products, but may also host informative documents, such as white papers. There are also numerous sub-categories to the ones listed above. For example, a porn site is a specific type of eCommerce site or business site (that is, it is trying to sell memberships for access to its site). A fan site may be a vanity site on which the administrator is paying homage to a celebrity.
Many business websites have the appearance of brochures—that is, an advertisement that can be strolled around. Some websites act as vehicles to communicate with other people via webchat.
Websites are constrained by architectural limits (e.g. the computing power dedicated to the website). Very large websites, such as Yahoo!, Microsoft, Google and most other very large sites employ several servers and load balancing equipment, such as Cisco Content Services Switches or F5 BigIP solutions.
Mousetrapping
Mousetrapping is a technique employed by some "aggressive" commercial websites (especially pornographic ones) that prevents one from leaving it, depending on web browser settings.
Prizes
The Webby Awards are a set of awards presented to the world's "best" websites.
Spelling
As noted above, there are several different spellings for this term. Although "website" is becoming the most commonly used—particularly by newspapers and other media—academia (and some dictionaries such as Oxford) still prefer to use the two-word, capitalized spelling "Web site". An alternate of the two-word spelling is not capitalized. As with many other newly created words, it may take some time before a common spelling is finalized. (This controversy also applies to derivatives of Web site/website such as Web master/webmaster, etc.)
The Associated Press Stylebook, the preeminent authority in newspaper style, suggests that it is "Web site", "Web page", and rather "webcast", "webmaster". WWW site is almost never acceptable.
Similarly, there is inconsistency with the use of the term "Internet" which is correctly capitalized, but is also widely spelled with a lower-case 'i'.
See also
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